Python-сообщество

 import sys
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
def txttagtolist(tags):
    tag_test = repr(tags[0])
    if '<string object: ' in tag_test:
        clear_tags = []
        for i in range(1, len(tags), 2):
            z = repr(tags[i])
            z = z.split(": '")[1]
            z = z.split("'")[0]
            clear_tags.append(z)
        return clear_tags
    else:
        
        # ПРОБЛЕМА ТУТ!
        #bell() # NameError: name 'bell' is not defined
        #root.bell() # NameError: name 'root' is not defined
        tk.bell() # AttributeError: module 'tkinter' has no attribute 'bell'
        # ПРОБЛЕМА ТУТ!
        
        color = sys.stdout.shell
        color.write("ERROR!\n", "console")
        try:
            root.destroy()
        except:
            pass
        sys.exit()

 from tkinter import *

  
>>> import tkinter
>>> 
>>> root = tkinter.Tk()
>>> root.bell()
>>> root.mainloop()
>>> 

  
>>> import tkinter
>>> tkinter
<module 'tkinter' from '/usr/lib64/python3.6/tkinter/__init__.py'>
>>> 
>>> import math
>>> math
<module 'math' from '/usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/math.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>
>>> 
>>> id(math)
140241028221432
>>> 
>>> math.__doc__
'This module is always available.  It provides access to the\nmathematical functions defined by the C standard.'
>>>
>>> type(math)
<class 'module'>
>>>

  
>>> lst = [math, tkinter]
>>> lst
[<module 'math' from '/usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/math.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>, <module 'tkinter' from '/usr/lib64/python3.6/tkinter/__init__.py'>]
>>> 
>>> out = [i.__doc__ for i in lst]
>>> out
['This module is always available.  It provides access to the\nmathematical functions defined by the C standard.', 'Wrapper functions for Tcl/Tk.\n\nTkinter provides classes which allow the display, positioning and\ncontrol of widgets. Toplevel widgets are Tk and Toplevel. Other\nwidgets are Frame, Label, Entry, Text, Canvas, Button, Radiobutton,\nCheckbutton, Scale, Listbox, Scrollbar, OptionMenu, Spinbox\nLabelFrame and PanedWindow.\n\nProperties of the widgets are specified with keyword arguments.\nKeyword arguments have the same name as the corresponding resource\nunder Tk.\n\nWidgets are positioned with one of the geometry managers Place, Pack\nor Grid. These managers can be called with methods place, pack, grid\navailable in every Widget.\n\nActions are bound to events by resources (e.g. keyword argument\ncommand) or with the method bind.\n\nExample (Hello, World):\nimport tkinter\nfrom tkinter.constants import *\ntk = tkinter.Tk()\nframe = tkinter.Frame(tk, relief=RIDGE, borderwidth=2)\nframe.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=1)\nlabel = tkinter.Label(frame, text="Hello, World")\nlabel.pack(fill=X, expand=1)\nbutton = tkinter.Button(frame,text="Exit",command=tk.destroy)\nbutton.pack(side=BOTTOM)\ntk.mainloop()\n']
>>>

  
from tkinter import *

  
>>> import math
>>> import tkinter
>>> 
>>> math.__name__
'math'
>>> 
>>> tkinter.__name__
'tkinter'
>>> 
>>> 
>>> import tkinter as tk
>>> 
>>> tk.__name__
'tkinter'
>>>

 import tkinter as ttk
print('2 = ', id(ttk))
root = ttk.Tk()
root.title('2')
root.mainloop()

 import tkinter as tk
print('1 = ', id(tk))
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('1')
import module_test
root.mainloop()

 from tkinter import *
import sys
root = Tk()
root.after(5000, lambda: sys.exit())
root.mainloop()

  
import math
import tkinter
 
def main():
    print('hello')
    print('sin(pi/2) =', math.sin(math.pi / 2))
    print('id of tkinter =', id(tkinter))
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

  
import mod1
 
def main():
    mod1.main()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

  
#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
class A:
    a = '1a'
    b = '1b'
 
class B:
    a = '2a'
    b = A()
 
class C:
    a = '3a'
    b = '3b'
    c = B()
    
obj = C()
 
print(obj.a)
print(obj.b)
print(obj.c)
 
print(obj.c.a)
print(obj.c.b)
 
print(obj.c.b.a)
print(obj.c.b.b)

[guest@localhost py]$ ./mod.py 
3a
3b
<__main__.B object at 0x7fcfb57f1a58>
2a
<__main__.A object at 0x7fcfb57f1940>
1a
1b
[guest@localhost py]$