from ../a1 import p
print(p)

 def dynamic_import(module):
    return importlib.import_module(module)
# имя испоняемого файла:
filename = inspect.getframeinfo(inspect.currentframe()).filename
# путь исполняемого файла:
path_tec = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename))
# каталог верхнего уровня:
path_app, _ = os.path.split(path_tec)
print('path_app =',path_app)
# путь к искомому файлу:
modul_name = os.path.join(path_app, 'a1')
print('modul_name =',modul_name)
# импорт
if os.path.exists(modul_name): # файл существует
    a1 = dynamic_import(modul_name)
    #a1 = dynamic_import(r'/home/name/Документы/Питон/a1')
    print(a1.p)
else: 
    print ("Файл не найден")

 import sys
from os import path
a1_folder = 'a1'
print('running script:', path.abspath(__file__) )
upper_folder = (path.dirname( path.dirname(path.abspath(__file__)))) # путь с папке на уровень выше
print('upper folder:', upper_folder)
a1_path = path.join(upper_folder, a1_folder) # путь к папке а1
print('a1 full path', a1_path)
sys.path.append(a1_path)
import test1
test1.func()

>>>
running script: Y:\SOFT\Portable Python 3.2.5.1\App\My_scripts\import_from_anywhere\bin\main.py
upper folder: Y:\SOFT\Portable Python 3.2.5.1\App\My_scripts\import_from_anywhere
a1 full path Y:\SOFT\Portable Python 3.2.5.1\App\My_scripts\import_from_anywhere\a1
is test1 module from a1 folder, my path:  Y:\SOFT\Portable Python 3.2.5.1\App\My_scripts\import_from_anywhere\a1\test1.py
is func from test1 module in a1 folder

 from os import path
def func():
    print('is func from test1 module in a1 folder')
print('is test1 module from a1 folder, my path: ', path.abspath(__file__) )

 with open(filename,"r") as f:
    data = f.read()
    ....

 subprocess.check_call(cmd, shell=True)