>>> test = ['0','0','1','1']
>>> list(''.join(test).replace('0', '#').replace('1', '0').replace('#', '1'))
['1', '1', '0', '0']
>>>

>>> def f2():
...   test = ['0','0','1','1']
...   n = ''.join(test).translate(string.maketrans('01', '10'))
...   return n
... 
>>> f2()
__main__:3: DeprecationWarning: string.maketrans is deprecated, use bytes.maketrans instead
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in f2
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/string.py", line 60, in maketrans
    raise TypeError("maketrans arguments must be bytes objects")
TypeError: maketrans arguments must be bytes objects
>>> def f2():
...   test = ['0','0','1','1']
...   n = ''.join(test).translate(string.maketrans(b'01', b'10'))
...   return n
... 
>>> f2()
'1100'

>>> def f():
...   test = ['0','0','1','1']
...   n = list(''.join(test).replace('0', '#').replace('1', '0').replace('#', '1'))
...   return n
... 
>>> f()
['1', '1', '0', '0']
>>> import string
>>> def f2():
...   test = ['0','0','1','1']
...   n = ''.join(test).translate(string.maketrans('01', '10'))
...   return n
... 
>>> f2()
__main__:3: DeprecationWarning: string.maketrans is deprecated, use bytes.maketrans instead
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in f2
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/string.py", line 60, in maketrans
    raise TypeError("maketrans arguments must be bytes objects")
TypeError: maketrans arguments must be bytes objects
>>> def f2():
...   test = ['0','0','1','1']
...   n = ''.join(test).translate(string.maketrans(b'01', b'10'))
...   return n
... 
>>> f2()
'1100'
>>> import timeit
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: f()).repeat(3, 1000000)
[4.891308069229126, 4.862432956695557, 4.872588157653809]
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: f2()).repeat(3, 1000000)
^CTraceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/timeit.py", line 220, in repeat
    t = self.timeit(number)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/timeit.py", line 193, in timeit
    timing = self.inner(it, self.timer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/timeit.py", line 99, in inner
    _func()
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <lambda>
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in f2
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/string.py", line 61, in maketrans
    L = bytearray(range(256))
KeyboardInterrupt
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: f2()).repeat(3, 100)
[0.004187107086181641, 0.004000186920166016, 0.00868082046508789]
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: f2()).repeat(3, 1000)
[0.052967071533203125, 0.041378021240234375, 0.042649030685424805]
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: f()).repeat(3, 1000)
[0.00487518310546875, 0.004996061325073242, 0.012998104095458984]
>>>

>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.array([[0, 0],[1, 1]])
>>> a
array([[0, 0],
       [1, 1]])
>>> np.where(a==1, 0, 1)
array([[1, 1],
       [0, 0]])